Advanced Mereology: Components, Portions, Aspects & Phases
About this pattern
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How to use this pattern
Read the ID, status, type, and normativity first. Use the content for exact wording, the relations for adjacent concepts, and citations to keep active work grounded without pasting the whole specification.
Type: Kernel mereology and part-whole relation discipline pattern Status: Stable
At a glance. Use A.14 when wording such as part, member, portion, aspect, or phase could hide different claims. Recover whether the subject is a constructive part, belongs to a collection, is an amount of the same stuff, is one aspect, or is the same carrier during a proper time interval before downstream architecture, Work, assurance, or U-kind admission relies on it.
Use this when. Use this pattern when a text says that something is part of something else, belongs to a collection, is some amount of the same stuff, is an aspect of one holon, or is the same holon during a time interval, and choosing the wrong relation would change identity, aggregation, responsibility, evidence, or structural grounding.
What goes wrong if missed. Teams count members as components, portions as components, aspects as separate wholes, or phases as separate objects; constructive traces and Working-Model relation claims then ground the wrong EntityOfConcern.
What this buys. One human-facing relation catalogue that keeps constructive components and constituents, measured portions, bearer-dependent aspects, proper temporal phases, and collection belonging under each collection's own rule distinct without inventing a catch-all aspect or member vocabulary.
Not this pattern when. Not this pattern when the current question is only a selected Characteristic (C.16/A.19), viewpoint or view (E.17.0/E.17.1), representation or projection (C.29 or its direct projection pattern), temporal claim without a PhaseOf relation (C.27.TA), constructive trace (C.13), Working-Model assurance grounding (B.3.5), meta-holon transition (B.2), or general U-kind admission (E.24.UK).
Before choosing a relation, identify the candidate part and whole, or the entity and collection. Use their normal identity rules. A local system-role kind, Method, Work occurrence, view, or trace does not become a structural part merely because the text calls it one; use its own pattern unless a separate part claim is established.
Keywords
- part
- member
- belongs to
- component
- constituent
- portion
- aspect
- phase
- ComponentOf
- ConstituentOf
- PortionOf
- AspectOf
- PhaseOf.
Relations
Content
Problem frame - why an advanced mereology?
Before choosing a relation, identify the candidate part and whole, or the entity and collection. Use their normal identity rules. A local system-role kind, Method, Work occurrence, view, or trace does not become a structural part merely because the text calls it one; use its own pattern unless a separate part claim is established.
Four recurring questions then matter:
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Quantities vs. parts. Engineers routinely need “some of the fuel”, “the first 10 pages”, or “a 30% subset of data”. This is not a component; it is a portion of a stuff-like whole, governed by measures and conservation.
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Selected concern vs. structural aspect. Engineers also say “the thermal aspect”, “the safety view”, or “the inspection slice”. A Characteristic, viewpoint, representation, selected partition, or time window does not become a world-side part by that wording.
AspectOfis used only for a bearer-dependent structural part distinguished under a named facet rule. -
Change vs. replacement. “The prototype before calibration” may be a proper temporal restriction of one unchanged pump. By contrast, “v2 of the spec” first opens C.2.1 identity and, for two different epistemes, its independent edition-continuity test; “shift 1 vs. shift 2” first opens A.15.1 Work-part or occurrence law. None of those labels selects
PhaseOfby itself. -
Belonging vs. construction. “Vehicle 12 belongs to Fleet North” uses the fleet's own rule. That sentence alone makes neither the vehicle a constructive part nor the fleet an acting System, and it does not prohibit either separate claim.
Problem — what breaks without these distinctions?
If we only have “generic partOf” plus Component/Constituent, five classes of errors appear:
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Conservation errors. Treating “20 L of fuel from Tank A” as a component leads to nonsense: adding and removing such “components” does not respect quantities; Γ_sys proofs violate Σ-balance.
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Aspect creation by wording. A selected Characteristic, view, projection, partition rule, dashboard slice, or concern label is turned into a world-side part without identifying the aspect, bearer, facet rule, or identity condition.
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Temporal smearing. Flattening “before/after” for one enduring carrier into a timeless whole collapses history; treating two changed epistemes or two Work occurrences as temporal pieces of that carrier collapses identity and occurrence history. Γ_time and Γ_method cannot repair either mistake after the fact.
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Identity confusion. Modelling a “new version” as a component or phase lets a label decide identity. For an episteme, first compare the C.2.1 identity triple and then test edition continuity separately; for another enduring holon, apply its direct identity rule to determine whether the same individual persists or a reidentification question opens.
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System-role leakage. A local system-role kind, assignment, or relation-position label is put into a part tree (“the PumpRole is part of the plant”), making structural reasoning brittle.
Forces
Solution — extend the mereology catalogue, keep it clean
A.14 defines three direct sub-relations of partOf and re-affirms the firewall between mereology and neighboring claims:
- PortionOf — a measured part of a whole under one extensive measure and boundary rule.
- AspectOf — a bearer-dependent structural part distinguished under a named facet rule.
- PhaseOf — the same carrier restricted to a proper time interval.
- Keep local kinds, Methods, and Work out of structural part trees. Do not treat a local system-role kind or a Method as a structural part. A separately identified System or Episteme may have its own direct part relation; use method-composition patterns for submethods and A.15.1 for Work parts and occurrences.
- Use the collection's own belongs-to rule. State who or what may belong, what makes belonging begin and end, and how recurrence and past belonging are handled. FPF does not use one public
MemberOfrelation for unlike collections. Belonging alone establishes neither holonhood nor parthood, and it does not rule out a separately grounded constructive part relation after all six A.1 matters pass.
The classical pair ComponentOf (structural, discrete) and ConstituentOf (conceptual, logical/epistemic) remain as in the kernel; § 6 distinguishes them from PortionOf, AspectOf, PhaseOf, and collection belonging.
Formal cores (normative semantics)
PortionOf — metrical part of a measurable whole
Intent. Capture “some of the same stuff/extent”, governed by a measure that adds up.
Applicability. Any U.Holon that carries an extensive measure μ on the chosen scope
(examples: mass, volume, length‑of‑text, byte size, wall‑time budget).
Primitive. PortionOf(x, y) means: x is a measured part of y of the same kind of stuff/content, allowing x = y; the strict case is ProperPortionOf under POR-2.
Axioms (A14‑POR‑*)
- POR‑1 (Partial order). PortionOf is reflexive, antisymmetric, transitive on its domain.
- POR‑2 (Metrical dominance). If
x ProperPortionOf ythen0 < μ(x) < μ(y)for the agreed μ. - POR‑3 (Additivity on disjoint portions). If
PortionOf(x,y),PortionOf(z,y), andx ⟂ z(the two portions do not overlap), and their join is admitted under the same measure and boundary rule, thenμ(x ⊔ z) = μ(x)+μ(z)andPortionOf(x ⊔ z,y).ProperPortionOfadditionally requires the joined measure to remain strictly belowμ(y); a join equal to the whole isPortionOfbut notProperPortionOf. - POR‑4 (Kind integrity). x and y must share the same measure kind and unit (or a declared conversion).
- POR‑5 (Boundary compatibility). For physical wholes, the whole’s boundary encloses the union of its portions; cross‑boundary “leaks” are interactions, not portions.
Didactic tests. ✔ “5 kg from a 20 kg billet” — PortionOf. ✔ Two disjoint 5 kg cuts from the same 20 kg billet have a 10 kg join under the same mass unit and boundary rule; that join is still a ProperPortionOf the billet. ✔ “Pages 1–10 of the report” — PortionOf (μ = page or token count). ✘ “The pump module of the plant” — ComponentOf, not PortionOf. ✘ “The Methods section of the paper” — ConstituentOf, not PortionOf.
PhaseOf — temporal part of the same carrier
Intent. Capture “the same holon during a sub‑interval”, preserving identity through change.
Applicability. Any U.Holon that persists across time with a recognised carrier identity.
Primitive. PhaseOf(x, y) means: x is y restricted to a proper time interval.
Axioms (A14‑PHA‑*)
- PHA‑1 (Strict temporal parthood).
PhaseOfis irreflexive, asymmetric, and transitive on proper temporal restrictions of one unchanged carrier. In particular,PhaseOf(y,y)is false: a whole-lifetime or self-reference is not a proper temporal part. - PHA‑2 (Proper interval and same carrier).
PhaseOf(x,y)requires the interval of x to be a proper sub-interval of y's interval and the carrier-identity rule to hold throughout both. It does not require x to be a maximal cell of a partition. - PHA‑3 (Nesting and overlap are allowed). Temporal restrictions of the same carrier may nest or overlap. A week may be part of a year-long phase, and a diagnostic window may overlap a calibration window. Those facts are not contradictions and do not by themselves select an aspect or partition.
- PHA‑4 (Selected partition is an additional claim). When a use needs exhaustive non-overlapping cells, declare one carrier, one interval to be covered, one analysis aspect or partition rule, and the selected family of
PhaseOfvalues. Only cells of that same explicitly selected partition must be pairwise non-overlapping and jointly cover the declared interval. Another aspect or rule may select a different, overlapping family. - PHA‑5 (Identity through change). Properties may vary between phases, but the carrier’s identity criteria hold continuously (e.g., same serial number, same legal identity, same theorem statement).
- PHA‑6 (Escalation to MHT). If identity criteria break (e.g., metamorphosis with new objectives), declare a Meta‑Holon Transition (B.2) rather than a PhaseOf.
Didactic tests.
✔ “PumpUnit#3 before calibration” — PhaseOf(Pump#3_pre, Pump#3).
✔ If PhaseOf(Pump#3@week-32, Pump#3@2026) and PhaseOf(Pump#3@2026, Pump#3), transitivity also gives PhaseOf(Pump#3@week-32, Pump#3). A high-vibration diagnostic window may overlap a calibration window for the same pump; neither is thereby a cell of one selected partition.
✔ “Specification episteme E during τ₂”, with the C.2.1 identity triple unchanged and a proper interval current — PhaseOf(E@τ₂, E). ✘ “Spec v2” — if a C.2.1 discriminator changed, identify another episteme and test EpistemeEditionRelation(E_v1,E_v2) separately; the label proves neither identity nor continuity.
✘ “Shift 1 of the same batch run” — use A.15.1 TemporalPartOf_work, EpisodeOf_work, OperationalPartOf_work, or another exact Work-part or occurrence relation whose predicate obtains.
✘ “Prototype vs. production unit” — likely different carriers; use ComponentOf/ConstituentOf or MHT per criteria.
AspectOf — bearer-dependent structural part under one named facet rule
Intent. State that one identified bearer-dependent part is an aspect of its bearer without turning a Characteristic, viewpoint, representation, concern, partition, or time window into a part.
Participants and qualifier. x and y occupy the U.Holon parthood domain: x is the aspect and y its bearer. Each must already satisfy its applicable holon-kind and identity rule; AspectOf does not grant systemness, agency, or independent-whole status. The qualifier f names the facet rule used in this occurrence; it does not introduce a universal U.Facet kind.
Primitive. AspectOf(x, y; f) means: x is the bearer-dependent structural part of y distinguished under facet rule f. The notation shows the required qualifier; the public sentence may remain “x is an aspect of y under the f rule.”
Obtaining conditions and properties (A14-ASP-*).
- ASP-1 (Identified occurrence). Name x, y, f, the relation occurrence, and the aspect-identity rule. The facet rule states what distinguishes x from the rest of y and what change preserves or ends this aspect.
- ASP-2 (Structural dependence).
AspectOf(x,y;f)impliesut:StructPartOf(x,y),x != y, and asymmetry for that occurrence. It implies none of ComponentOf, ConstituentOf, PortionOf, PhaseOf, collection belonging, or independent systemhood. - ASP-3 (Facet-local and non-transitive). An occurrence under f gives no occurrence under another facet.
AspectOfis not assumed transitive through another bearer or facet; state every relied-on relation directly. - ASP-4 (Bearer and aspect identity). If the bearer is reidentified, or f and the aspect-identity rule no longer identify x, the old occurrence ends. A changed view, diagram, name, or measurement does not by itself change the world-side occurrence.
- ASP-5 (Neighbor boundary). A measured quality routes to
C.16/A.19; a viewpoint or view toE.17.0/E.17.1; a representation or projection toC.29or its direct projection pattern; a selected temporal window toPhaseOforC.27.TA; a selected partition to the pattern governing that structure. None createsAspectOfby selection alone.
Didactic tests.
- ✓ In Reactor-7, the thermal-boundary rule distinguishes ThermalEnvelope-7 as the connected enclosure of insulation panels, seals, and boundary interfaces that constrains heat transfer across the reactor boundary. ThermalEnvelope-7 is identified by the continuing enclosure under that rule, not by a fixed panel list.
AspectOf(ThermalEnvelope-7, Reactor-7; thermal-boundary)obtains while that enclosure and Reactor-7 continue. Replacing one panel under the same rule preserves the aspect; dismantling the enclosure, replacing the facet rule with a different boundary, or reidentifying Reactor-7 ends the occurrence. A changed temperature reading or dashboard view does not. - ✗ “Safety is an aspect of the design” when safety is only a Characteristic, concern, viewpoint, or heading. Recover that actual claim first.
- ✗ “Pump-7 during warm-up is its thermal aspect.” Use
PhaseOffor the proper temporal restriction andA.19for a measured thermal Characteristic when those claims obtain.
CT2R-LOG and Compose-CAL handshake
- A direct structural parthood claim is usable without this assurance handshake. If the publication elects B.3.5 or a named current requirement demands it, link the claim through
tv:groundedByto its applicable current C.2.1Γ_m.sumorΓ_m.sliceconstruction-trace episteme and declarevalidationMode=axiomatic. The direct relation pattern decides whether the occurrence obtains and how it is identified; the relevant entity pattern decides identity through change. The trace only reports that basis. - AspectOf uses one current
C.13 slicetrace when that assurance branch is elected. The trace names the aspect, bearer, facet rule, relation occurrence, and identity conditions; it creates none of them. - PhaseOf is temporal parthood and shall not be grounded through
Γ_m. Its assurance follows the same-carrier and proper-interval criteria, the separately declared selected-partition rule when one is claimed, andΓ_timeordering (B.1.4). - A collection's own belongs-to relation remains distinct from constructive parthood (
CC-MEM-2). State its participants, what makes it obtain, and whether later belonging is the same occurrence or a new one under the collection's pattern. A direct claim needs no B.3.5 fields. If B.3.5 assurance is elected, linkvalidationMode=axiomaticto one currentC.13 settrace that reports the relation that already obtains. The trace supports neither a ComponentOf inference nor a universal prohibition on separately grounded parthood.
Two quick identity tests apply before relying on a trace. The same listed constituents can form a different whole when their direct assembly relations or rule differ. Conversely, a permitted constituent replacement can preserve the same whole. An equal input list, a repeated trace, or validationMode=axiomatic decides neither case.
Choosing the right relation (decision table)
Firewall reminder. If the sentence is about system-role-kind classification or assignment, how action is done, or what happened when, use
A.2/A.2.1,A.3.1, orA.15.1as appropriate. For an episteme, use A.14 for content parthood or a proper interval of one unchanged C.2.1 identity; changed claims, EntityOfConcern, or effective reference scheme identify another episteme, and any historical continuation uses C.2.1EpistemeEditionRelationonly when its predicate obtains.
Archetypal Grounding
Bias-Annotation
A.14 corrects parthood bias: ordinary words such as part, member, phase, aspect, section, version, module, function, role, and ingredient can hide different objects or relations. Recover whether the source means component, constituent, measured portion, bearer-dependent aspect, proper temporal phase, collection belonging, local system-role-kind classification, assignment, Method, Work, evidence, or transformation.
It also corrects analysis and representation bias. A Characteristic, viewpoint, view, projection, selected partition, dashboard slice, diagram, table row, or time window may describe or foreground something about a bearer without becoming a world-side structural aspect. AspectOf begins only after the aspect, bearer, facet rule, relation occurrence, and aspect identity are established. Publication or construction traces report such a claim; they do not create it.
Conformance Checklist - type guards
Global firewall and scope
PortionOf guards
PhaseOf guards
AspectOf guards
Grounding and validation (normative)
Note. Property names and trace semantics are defined in CT2R-LOG and Compose-CAL.
Collection belonging and separately grounded parthood
CT2R‑LOG handshake (Working‑Model → Assurance)
Relation-use decision procedure
Step 0 — Recover the claim. If the sentence concerns system-role-kind classification or assignment, Method, Work, evidence, a Characteristic, viewpoint, view, projection, partition, or temporal claim without parthood, use that direct pattern. A.14 is not selected merely because ordinary speech says part or aspect.
Step 1 — Is it measured stuff or extent? If yes, use PortionOf. Declare μ, unit, boundary, and additivity conditions.
Step 2 — Is it a discrete integrated or conceptual part? If yes, use ComponentOf or ConstituentOf. Do not use PortionOf merely because the part can also be measured.
Step 3 — Is it the same carrier during a proper sub-interval? If yes, use PhaseOf after the carrier-identity and interval tests. Another episteme or Work occurrence uses its own identity and relation patterns.
Step 4 — Is it a bearer-dependent structural aspect? Use AspectOf only after naming the aspect, bearer, facet rule, relation occurrence, and aspect-identity rule. If the source names only a Characteristic, viewpoint, view, projection, selected partition, concern, or time window, return that actual claim instead.
Step 5 — Does the entity belong to a collection? Use the belongs-to rule defined for that collection after naming the entity, collection, beginning, ending, recurrence, and history conditions. Infer neither part nor holonhood and do not infer that separately grounded parthood is impossible. If collective action is current, apply all six A.1 matters separately.
Quick spot-tests.
Interplay with Γ‑flavours (how these relations behave under aggregation)
Common Anti-Patterns and How to Avoid Them
- Member as component. A person, team, document, or object belongs to a collection and is then counted as structurally integrated.
- Aspect by label. A Characteristic, concern, viewpoint, view, projection, partition, heading, dashboard slice, or time window is called an aspect and entered into a part tree. Recover the actual claim; require the full AspectOf occurrence when structural parthood is intended.
- System-role expression as part. A local kind, assignment, or relation position is put into a part tree instead of using its direct pattern.
- Method as part. A Method, recipe, or algorithm is treated as a structural component instead of using Method, MethodDescription, Work, or transformation patterns.
- Portion without measure. Some fuel, data, time, or text is named as a portion without measure kind, unit, boundary, and additivity conditions.
- Phase as replacement or lineage. Another episteme, version label, or Work segment is treated as PhaseOf without applying C.2.1 or A.15.1.
- Diagram or trace as relation. A breakdown, graph, table, construction trace, or validation mode is used as proof that parthood or identity obtains.
Pedagogy aids (non-normative)
Two-minute checklist for practitioners
- What subject and relation does the sentence claim?
- Does every PortionOf have a declared extensive measure, unit, boundary, and additivity condition?
- Does every AspectOf name the aspect, bearer, facet rule, occurrence, and identity rule—and avoid replacing a Characteristic, view, projection, partition, or time window?
- Is every PhaseOf a proper interval of one unchanged carrier rather than another episteme or Work occurrence?
- Does every collection claim use its own belongs-to rule without inferring or prohibiting a separate part relation?
- Are local system-role kinds, assignments, Methods, Work, views, and traces kept outside the part tree unless an independently admitted entity and direct part relation are current?
Consequences
Benefits
- Predictable composition. Additive portions, facet-local aspects, same-carrier phases, and explicit collection rules keep unlike claims separate.
- Analysis does not create ontology. Characteristics, viewpoints, views, projections, partitions, and time windows remain usable without being turned into structural parts.
- History without confusion. Aspect and phase identity changes are explicit; collection history stays with the collection's rule.
- Readable first use. A practitioner can state the direct component, constituent, portion, aspect, phase, or belongs-to sentence before any elected assurance account.
Trade-offs and mitigations
- More distinctions. Authors must name a measure for PortionOf, a facet and identity rule for AspectOf, or a proper interval and carrier identity for PhaseOf. The decision table and two-minute checklist keep the first move short.
- Aspect judgement. Distinguishing a structural aspect from a Characteristic, view, projection, or temporal claim requires judgement; neighboring patterns provide the stop and route.
- Optional assurance effort.
sum,slice, andsettraces are added only when B.3.5 or another named current requirement elects them. - Escalation discipline. When bearer or carrier identity fails, use the direct reidentification pattern rather than preserving an AspectOf or PhaseOf occurrence by label.
Rationale
A.14 exists because part-whole words carry identity, aggregation, measure, facet, time, and assurance commitments. The pattern keeps those commitments in the direct relation instead of letting everyday nouns, concerns, views, diagrams, or breakdown tables decide ontology. Component, constituent, portion, bearer-dependent aspect, proper phase, and collection-belonging claims can then support downstream work without smuggling Characteristics, viewpoints, local kinds, assignments, Methods, Work, or publication claims into mereology.
SoTA-Echoing
This edition's collection-belonging rule follows the current constructional line: first identify what is being constructed and what gives it identity, then state the relation that actually obtains. It does not import a ready-made universal membership predicate.
Aspect branch application
For AspectOf, the BORO and CCO rows above supply the constructor-sensitive question: which bearer, facet rule, dependent aspect, and identity conditions make this structural part? Fine's composition-first pressure blocks a bare aspect label from deciding parthood. A.14 adapts that line in A.14:5.3, the decision procedure, and CC-ASP-1 through CC-ASP-4; C.13 slice remains an optional report, not the constructor of the aspect. The serious alternatives are routed rather than renamed: measured Characteristic (C.16/A.19), viewpoint or view (E.17), representation or projection (C.29 or its direct pattern), selected partition, and temporal restriction (PhaseOf/C.27.TA). This route is no worse for correctness and cheaper for a cold reader than a universal aspect kind; its cost is that the author must identify the actual relation before reusing the word.
The resulting collection alternatives are deliberately distinct:
- Selected: an ordinary subject-specific belongs-to sentence plus the collection's own rule.
- Rejected: one generic
MemberOf, because it collapses formal inclusion, classification, participation, collection belonging, and constructive parthood. - Rejected for present public use: one qualified generic collection-belonging predicate, because its qualifiers must recreate every subject rule and make the first move harder.
- Retained as a separate possible claim: constructive parthood, but only when its direct relation obtains and all six
A.1matters pass.
At comparable correctness and temporal adequacy, the selected answer is no worse than the qualified or separately named alternatives and is cheaper for a cold reader and maintainer. A generic predicate looks cheaper only because it omits decisive conditions. The real cost is that A.14 supplies no immediate cross-domain query key for all belongs-to relations; use F.18 to name a narrower relation when repeated query, comparison, or declaration use justifies that extra vocabulary.
The rest of the catalogue retains its own governing source lines:
- Metrical mereology advances motivate PortionOf with explicit μ and Σ-laws, preventing the classic “stuff as components” fallacy.
- Temporal parts and identity through change motivate PhaseOf as transitive proper temporal parthood, with nesting and overlap allowed, partition-specific coverage and non-overlap, and escalation when identity criteria fail.
- Engineering product models, including the ISO 15926 family, pressure authors to keep functional classification, physical product breakdown, and stocks or consumables distinct; A.14 routes those claims to their direct relations instead of one part tree.
- Knowledge-episteme edition histories in contemporary MBSE and open-science practice motivate explicit endpoint identities and provenance-preserving composition. FPF uses the C.2.1 identity triple and independently obtaining
EpistemeEditionRelationfor distinct editions; A.14 retainsPhaseOfonly for a proper temporal restriction of one unchanged episteme.
The net effect is a minimal-sufficient catalogue: direct component, constituent, portion, bearer-dependent aspect, phase, and collection-belonging claims stay distinct, while a separately grounded constructive part claim remains possible without another universal relation vocabulary.
Treat this source account as current for this edition. Reopen only the affected A.14 rule if a cited constructional source changes a distinction used here, a newer relation architecture provides the same claim correctness and history at lower reader or maintenance cost, or a direct consumer needs a meaning that the current rule cannot express. Recheck A.14:5.3 and CC-ASP-1 through CC-ASP-4 for an AspectOf change; recheck Solution item 5 and CC-MEM-1 through CC-MEM-3 for a collection-belonging or separately grounded parthood change. An ordinary change to a bearer, facet rule, aspect occurrence, collection rule, belonging occurrence, or optional trace reopens only that claim and its support, not this source decision.
Relations
- Builds on:
A.1,A.7,B.1,B.2,C.13, andB.3.5for holon identity, strict distinction, gamma-flavour separation, meta-holon transition, constructive grounding, and Working-Model assurance. - Coordinates with:
C.16andA.19for measured Characteristics;E.17.0/E.17.1for viewpoints and views;C.29and direct projection patterns for representations;C.27.TAfor temporal claims; andA.2,A.2.1,A.3.1,A.3.2,A.15,A.15.1, andA.3.4when wording concerns a local kind, assignment, Method, Work, or transformation rather than parthood. - Used by: architecture, description, evidence, and U-kind admission patterns when their structural claim depends on a clean parthood relation.
A.14:End
Last Updated: 2026-09-10 — upstream FPF commit a87d0ef4 (github.com/ailev/FPF)